Ëþáåçíî ñòûðåíî ñ
ôèøåê.íåò

Ó÷èì àíãëèéñêèé
Âû èçó÷àåòå àíãëèéñêèé? Òîãäà ýòî ïîñîáèå ñìîæåò âàì ïîìî÷ü.
Ñèñòåìà àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ãëàãîëà "to Vodka":
Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðèñòðàñòèÿ ñîâðåìåííîãî æèòåëÿ Ðîññèè è åãî òÿãó ê îáó÷åíèþ àíãëèéñêîìó ÿçûêó, à òàêæå æåëàíèå ðåøèòü ïðîáëåìó êîììóíèêàöèè íà âûøåóïîìÿíóòîì ÿçûêå, âûøåóïîìÿíóòûìè ïðèñòðàñòèÿìè, à èìåííî: ÷ðåçìåðíûì óïîòðåáëåíèåì àëêîãîëüíûõ íàïèòêîâ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî âîäêè; ìû ðåøèëè âàì ïîìî÷ü.  àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, ïî ìíåíèþ ïîãîëîâíîãî ÷èñëà ÷èòàòåëåé, ñàìîå ãëàâíîå ñèñòåìà âðåìåí. "Äàéòå ðàçîáðàòüñÿ, è ÿ çàãîâîðþ!" - âîò ëîçóíã ñîâðåìåííîãî ìîëîäîãî ÷åëîâåêà/äåâóøêè.
Èòàê, äàâàéòå ðàçáèðàòüñÿ.
1. Âî-ïåðâûõ, íåîáõîäèìî óÿñíèòü, ÷òî â èññëåäóåìîì ÿçûêå ñóùåñòâóþò ãëàãîëû:
1.1. íåîïðåäåëåííûå (Indefinite), òî åñòü íåèçâåñòíî, ïüåøü òû èëè íå ïüåøü.
1.2. äëèòåëüíûå (Continuous), òî åñòü òû ïüåøü è íàõîäèøüñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè ãëóáîêîãî çàïîÿ.
1.3. çàâåðøåííûå (Perfect), òî åñòü òû ëèáî óæå âûøåë èç çàïîÿ, ëèáî óæå îêîí÷àòåëüíî íàïèëñÿ è âûðóáèëñÿ.
2. Âî-âòîðûõ, ñóùåñòâóåò îáúåêòèâíîå
2.1. íàñòîÿùåå (Present) - âàøå îòíîøåíèå ê ñïèðòíîìó;
2.2. ïðîøëîå (Past) - òåìíîå èëè ñâåòëîå;
2.3. áóäóùåå (Future) - òî, ÷òî âàì ñâåòèò: öèððîç ïå÷åíè, íàðêîëîãè÷åñêèé äèñïàíñåð, áåëàÿ ãîðÿ÷êà è ò.ï.
3. Òåïåðü âñå ñìåøèâàåì:
3.1. Present
3.1.1. Present Indefinite (íàñòîÿùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå) ñì. Âûøå
Ïðèìåð: I vodka every day. - ß ïüþ âîäêó êàæäûé äåíü. Âìåñòî every day ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âûðàæåíèÿ: usually, seldom, often, from time to time, from melkaya posuda, bolshimi glotkamy...
3.1.2. Present Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå äëèòåëüíîå)
Ïðèìåð: I am vodking now. - ß ïüþ âîäêó ñåé÷àñ. Äëÿ ýìôàòè÷åñêîãî óñèëåíèÿ ñ ýòèì âðåìåíåì ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü íàðå÷èÿ ïðåäûäóùåãî: He is constantly vodking! - Îí ïîëíûé ñèíÿê!
3.1.3. Present Perfect (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I have already vodked..- ß óæå íàæðàìøèñü. (Â îòâåò íà ïðåäëîæåíèå âûïèòü).
3.1.4. Present Perfect Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I have been vodking since childhood. - ß ïüþ âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà. (òèï inclusive) ß ïèë âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà (íî óæå íå ïüþ) (òèï exclusive).
3.2 Past
3.2.1 Past Indefinite (ïðîøåäøåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I vodked yesterday. - ß íàïèëñÿ â÷åðà. (Íå ïóòàòü ñî âðåìåíåì 3.1.3., òàì òû íàïèëñÿ òîëüêî ÷òî.)
3.2.2. Past Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå äëèòåëüíîå). ×àñòî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ê ãëàâíîìó âî âðåìåíè 3.2.1.
Ïðèìåð: Unfortunately, I was vodking at the moment my wife came. - Ê íåñ÷àñòüþ ÿ ïèë âîäêó â òîò ìîìåíò, êîãäà ìîÿ æåíà âîøëà.(ïîñëåäñòâèÿ ìîæíî ñåáå ïðåäñòàâèòü).
3.2.3. Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííîå). Òàêæå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå.
Ïðèìåð: I had already vodked when my wife came. - ß óæå óïèëñÿ, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà. (òàê ÷òî ñïîðèòü ñî ìíîé áûëî áåñïîëåçíî).
3.2.4. Past Perfect Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I had been vodking for about a month when my wife came.- ß ïèë âîäêó óæå îêîëî ìåñÿöà, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà.(ñïðàøèâàåòñÿ, ãäå æå îíà øëÿëàñü âñå ýòî âðåìÿ?)
3.3. Future
3.3.1. Future Indefinite (áóäóùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I will vodka tomorrow. - ß áóäó ïèòü âîäêó çàâòðà.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:  ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ (òî åñòü ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ïîäõîäÿùåãî âðåìåíè è óñëîâèé) âìåñòî âðåìåíè 3.3.1. óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âðåìÿ 3.1.1.: If I vodka tomorrow I will be sick the day after tomorrow. - Åñëè ÿ âûïüþ çàâòðà, ÿ áóäó áîëåòü ïîñëåçàâòðà.
3.3.2.Future Continuous (áóäóùåå äëèòåëüíîå)
Ïðèìåð: I will be vodking tomorrow at 5. - ß áóäó çàíèìàòüñÿ óïîòðåáëåíèåì ãîðÿ÷èòåëüíûõ íàïèòêîâ çàâòðà â ïÿòü.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå: Ïðè ãîðÿ÷åì æåëàíèè îïîõìåëèòüñÿ âìåñòî âðåìåíè 3.3.1. ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âðåìÿ 3.3.2.: Soon (soon) I will be vodking. - Ñêîðî! Ñêîðî ÿ áóäó ïèòü âîäêó!
3.3.3. Future Perfect (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííîå). Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îïüÿíåíèÿ.
Ïðèìåð: Tomorrow by 5 o"clock I will have vodked. - Çàâòðà ê ïÿòè ÿ áóäó íàæðàìøèñü. (÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò çàáûòü î ñâîèõ ïðîáëåìàõ ïîñëå ïÿòè.)
3.3.4. Future Perfect Continuous (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííî-äëèòåëüíîå)
Ïðèìåð: By tomorrow morning I will have been vodking for a term. - Ê çàâòðàøíåìó óòðó, ÿ áóäó ïèòü âîäêó ñåìåñòð.
Ìû íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî ýòî äîñòóïíîå èçëîæåíèå ñèñòåìû àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí, íàéäåò îòêëèê â ñåðäöàõ ÷èòàòåëåé. Íå ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ óïîòðåáëÿòü ýòó ñèñòåìó â âûñøèõ è ñðåäíèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèÿõ, òàê êàê áåç áóòûëêè òóò íå ðàçîáðàòüñÿ. Ãëàãîëà to vodka â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå íå ñóùåñòâóåò, òàê ÷òî ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèåì to drink vodka...
P.S. Õîòåëîñü áû ñäåëàòü ìàõîíüêîå äîïîëíåíèå: ñóùåñòâóåò åù¸ îäíî âðåìÿ Future in the Past. Ïðèìåð: Would you vodka in the children garden? - Õîòåëè áû âû èñïèâàòü áåëóþ â äåòñêîì ñàäó?
êîììåíòàðèé:
Àâòîð ïîñîáèÿ ñîâåðøåííî íåñïðàâåäëèâî îáîøåë ñâîèì âíèìàíèåì òîò ôàêò, ÷òî â ñèñòåìå âðåìåí àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà ñóùåñòâóåò êðîìå äîâîëüíî àêòèâíîãî (èñïîëüçóåìîãî àâòîðîì)åùå è ïàññèâíûé çàëîã(Passive Voice). Âèäèìî, ïî ìîëîäîñòè ëåò àâòîð íå ïðî÷óâñòâîâàë âñþ ãëóáèíó ãëàãîëà To Vodkà...
È ÿ ìîãó ïîäòâåðäèòü ýòî ïðèìåðàìè, èòàê, ïî ñõåìå àâòîðà:
Passive Voice
1. Present
1.1. Indefinite Tense
I am usually vodked .- Îáû÷íî ìåíÿ ïîÿò âîäêîé. (çâó÷èò,à?) (ÿ äóìàþ íè ó êîãî íå âîçíèêíåò âîçðàæåíèé ïî ïîâîäó òîãî, ÷òî Òo Vodka-ãëàãîë ïðàâèëüíûé, ïîýòîìó ÿ èñïîëüçóþ îêîí÷àíèå -ed)
Âìåñòî usually ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âûðàæåíèÿ:every day, seldom, often, from time to time è äàëåå ïî îðèãèíàëó...
1.2. Present Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå äëèòåëüíîå)
Man! I feel like a woman (òàíöåâàëüíûé ðèòì îò Shania Twain) and I can guess why!I am being hardly vodked at the moment. - Ìóæèê, ÿ ñ÷àñ îùóùàþ ñåáÿ ïðÿìî æåíùèíîé êàêîé-òî è äàæå,áëèí,äîãàäûâàþñü ïî÷åìó - ìåíÿ óæ î÷åíü ïîÿò âîäêîé.. (êòî äåâóøêó óæèíàåò, òîò åå è òàíöóåò...ñì. âûøå - çàëîã ïàññèâíûé)
1.3. Present Perfect (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: Where am I? Who am I? Have been vodked already, ik (ñ ïîíèæàþùåéñÿ èíòîíàöèåé).-Ãäå ÿ? Êòî ÿ? Íàïîèëè,ñ##è..,èê
2. Past
2.1. Past Indefinite (ïðîøåäøåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I was vodked yesterday.- Ìåíÿ íàïîèëè â÷åðà. (Çà÷åì àêòèâíî çàêëàäûâàòüñÿ,íàïðèìåð, ïåðåä æåíîé?) Ïðàâäà â ñëó÷àå ñ Past Continuous ôðàçà ïðèîáðåòàåò áîëåå òðàãè÷åñêîå çâó÷àíèå, ÷åì ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè àêòèâíîãî çàëîãà. Unfortunatly, I was being vodked at the moment my wife came. Ê íåñ÷àñòüþ,ìåíÿ ñïàèâàëè â òîò ìîìåíò, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà.. òàêæå, âïðî÷åì, êàê è Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííîå) Ïðèìåð: I had already been vodked when my wife came. - Ìåíÿ óæå íàïîèëè, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà.(no comments:)
3. Future
3.1. Future Indefinite (áóäóùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå)
Ïðèìåð: I feel I will be vodked soon ?/!- ×óâñòâóþ, íàïîþò ìåíÿ ñêîðî. (òîò ðàäîñòíûé ìîìåíò, êîãäà ïðîöåññ ñòàíîâèòñÿ íåîáðàòèìûì)
 ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ: If I have not been vodked today I will vodka tomorrow . - Åñëè ìåíÿ íå íàïîÿò ñåãîäíÿ, òî íàïüþñü ÿ çàâòðà ñàì.(ïåðâàÿ ÷àñòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ-íåóäàâøèéñÿ ïàññèâ, âòîðàÿ - íåèçáåæíûé àêòèâ).
3.2. Future Perfect (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííîå)
Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îïüÿíåíèÿ çà ÷óæîé ñ÷åò ñî ñòîðîãî ïîëîæèòåëüíîé âåðîÿòíîñòüþ. Tomorrow by 5 o"clock I will have been fully vodked. - Çàâòðà ê ïÿòè ÿ áóäó â ñòåëüêó ïüÿí è íå ïî ñâîåé èíèöèàòèâå è ïðè ëþáîì ðàñêëàäå.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå: âî âðåìåíàõ íåîïðåäåëåííî äëèòåëüíûõ (Present/Past/Future Perfect Continuous) à òàêæå â áóäóùåì ïðîäîëæåííîì (Future Continouos) ïàññèâ íå ñóùåñòâóåò...